Hypertelorism is defined clinically as increased distance between the pupils. It is detected sonographically by maeasuring the distance between orbits. A multitude of syndromes are associated with hypertelorism, and most have in common cranial contour abnormalities, such as those caused by craniosynostosis. Most of these syndromes are also associated with limb and digit anomalsies. Hypoplastic greater wings of the sphenoid and overgrowth of the lesser wings of the sphenoid are said to be responsible for the defect. Overgrowth of the nasofrontal process of the frontal bone may also be responsible. A mass lesion such as frontal encephalocele may space the orbits wide apart and prevent them from reaching their normal anatomical position.

 

 Gorlin’s syndrome (basal nevus

syndrome)

Craniofrontonasal dysplasia

Craniometaphyseal dysplasia

Otopalatodigital syndrome type I

Robinow’s syndrome

Sclerosteosis

Warfarin syndrome.

 

Cleidocranial dysostosis Acrocephalosyndactyly Apert type)

Brachiogenitoskeletal syndrome.

 

 

Noonan’s syndrome (also macrocephaly)

G syndrome

Marden’s syndrome (also cleft lip).

 

 

Treacher Collins syndrome

Camptomelic dysplasia

Larsen’s syndrome (also cleft palate and uvula)

Chromosome i8p syndrome (broad nose, flat face)

Coffin—Lowry syndrome

Opitz—Kaveggia  syndrome.

 

Cleft lip

Median cleft face syndrome

Meckel’s syndrome

Anterior encephalocele

Roberts’ syndrome

DiGeorge’s syndrome

Bifid nose

Glioma of nose

Chromosome 4p--

Nose and nasal septum defect

Fetal hydantoin syndrome.

 

Ehlers—Danlos syndrome (flat orbit).