·         Physilogic-

At the time of menses

Normal gestation sac

Decidual reaction in contrajatera

bicornuate horn

In the neonatal period in response to maternal hormonal stimulatior in utero.

 

·         Complicated pregnancy-

Blighted ovum and missed abor-

tion

Pseudogestational sac of ectopi

pregnancy

Incomplete abortion

Retained products of conception.

 

·         Inflammation/infection-

Endometriosis

Salpingitis

PID

 

·         Hemorrhage-

Normal/dysfunctional

After dilatation and curettage

Ruptured corpus luteum cyst.

 

·         Neoplasia-

Cervical carcinoma

Adenomyosis

Degenerating fibroids

Hydatidiform mole

Choriocarcinoma

Uterine sarcoma

Benign cystic teratoma.

 

·         Genital tract

(Causing hydrometra, hematomera metra or pyometra)

Cervical obstruction, whatever the cause

Cervical stenosis

Cervical carcinoma

Endometrial carcinoma

Imperfote hymen

Previous cervical surgery.

 

·         Iatrogenic/traumatic

After dilatation and curettage

Uterine perforation

Drainage of free peritoneal fluid

via genital tract.